Summary We are currently hiring for a Managed Care Coordinator I to join BlueCross BlueShield of South Carolina. In this role as a Managed Care Coordinator I, you will review and evaluate medical or behavioral eligibility regarding benefits and clinical criteria by applying clinical expertise, administrative policies, and established clinical criteria to service requests. Utilizes clinical proficiency and claims knowledge/analysis to assess, plan, implement, coordinate, monitor, and evaluate medical necessity and/or care plan compliance, options, and services required to support members in managing their health, chronic illness, or acute illness. Utilizes available resources to promote quality, cost effective outcomes. Description Location This position is full time (40 hours/week) Monday-Friday from 8:30am – 5:00pm EST and will be fully remote within South Carolina. What You’ll Do: - Performs medical or behavioral review/authorization process. Ensures coverage for appropriate services within benefit and medical necessity guidelines. Evaluates outcomes of plans, eligibility, level of benefits, place of service, length of stay, and medical necessity regarding requested services and benefit exceptions. May initiate/coordinate discharge planning or alternative treatment plans as necessary and appropriate. Ensures accurate documentation of clinical information to support and determine medical necessity criteria and contract benefits. - Utilizes allocated resources to back up review determinations. Identifies and makes referrals to appropriate staff (Medical Director, Case Manager, Preventive Services, Subrogation, Quality of Care Referrals, etc.). Participates in data collection/input into system for clinical information flow and proper claims adjudication. Demonstrates compliance with all applicable legislation and guidelines for all regulatory bodies, which may include but is not limited to ERISA, NCQA, URAC, DOI (State), and DOL (Federal). - Provides patient education with members and providers regarding health care delivery system, utilization on networks and benefit plans. Serves as member advocate through continued communication and education. Promotes enrollment in care management programs and/or health and disease management programs. - Maintains current knowledge of contracts and network status of all service providers and applies appropriately. Assists with claims information, discussion, and/or resolution and refers to appropriate internal support areas to ensure proper processing of authorized or unauthorized services. - Provides appropriate communications (written, telephone) regarding requested services to both health care providers and members. To Qualify for This Position, You'll Need the Following: - Required Education: Associates in a job-related field. - Degree Equivalency: Graduate of Accredited School of Nursing or 2 years of job-related work experience. - Required Work Experience: 2 years’ clinical experience. - Required Skills and Abilities: Working knowledge of word processing software. - Ability to work independently, prioritize effectively, and make sound decisions. - Good judgment skills. - Demonstrated customer service, organizational, and presentation skills. - Demonstrated proficiency in typing, spelling, punctuation, and grammar skills. - Demonstrated oral and written communication skills. - Ability to persuade, negotiate, or influence others. Analytical or critical thinking skills. - Ability to handle confidential or sensitive information with discretion. - Required Software and Tools: Microsoft Office. - Required Licenses and Certificates: Active, unrestricted RN licensure from the United States and in the state of hire, OR, active compact multistate unrestricted RN license as defined by the Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC), OR, active, unrestricted LMSW (Licensed Master of Social Work) licensure from the United States and in the state of hire, OR active, unrestricted licensure as Counselor, or Psychologist from the United States and in the state of hire. We Prefer That You Have the Following: - Preferred Education: Bachelor's degree- Nursing. - Preferred Work Experience: Work experience in healthcare program management, utilization review, or clinical experience in defined specialty. Specialty areas are oncology, cardiology, neonatology, maternity, rehabilitation services, mental health/chemical dependency, orthopedic, general medicine/surgery. - Preferred Skills and Abilities: Working knowledge of spreadsheet, database software. - Knowledge of contract language and application. - Thorough knowledge/understanding of claims/coding analysis/requirements/processes. Our Comprehensive Benefits Package Includes the Following: We offer our employees great benefits and rewards. You will be eligible to participate in the benefits the first of the month following 28 days of employment. - Subsidized health plans, dental and vision coverage - 401k retirement savings plan with company match - Life Insurance - Paid Time Off (PTO) - On-site cafeterias and fitness centers in major locations - Education Assistance - Service Recognition - National discounts to movies, theaters, zoos, theme parks and more What We Can Do for You: We understand the value of a diverse and inclusive workplace and strive to be an employer where employees across all spectrums have the opportunity to develop their skills, advance their careers and contribute their unique abilities to the growth of our company. What To Expect Next: After submitting your application, our recruiting team members will review your resume to ensure you meet the qualifications. This may include a brief telephone interview or email communication with our recruiter to verify resume specifics and salary requirements. Equal Employment Opportunity Statement BlueCross BlueShield of South Carolina and our subsidiary companies maintain a continuing policy of nondiscrimination in employment to promote employment opportunities for persons regardless of age, race, color, national origin, sex, religion, veteran status, disability, weight, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information or any other legally protected status. Additionally, as a federal contractor, the company maintains affirmative action programs to promote employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities and protected veterans. It is our policy to provide equal opportunities in all phases of the employment process and to comply with applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations. We are committed to working with and providing reasonable accommodations to individuals with disabilities, pregnant individuals, individuals with pregnancy-related conditions, and individuals needing accommodations for sincerely held religious beliefs, provided that those accommodations do not impose an undue hardship on the Company. If you need special assistance or an accommodation while seeking employment, please email mycareer.help@bcbssc.com or call 800-288-2227, ext. 47480 with the nature of your request. We will make a determination regarding your request for reasonable accommodation on a case-by-case basis. We participate in E-Verify and comply with the Pay Transparency Nondiscrimination Provision. We are an Equal Opportunity Employer. Here's more information. Some states have required notifications. Here's more information.

Workforce Classification: Telecommuter Join Our Team: Do Meaningful Work and Improve People’s Lives Our purpose, to improve customers’ lives by making healthcare work better, is far from ordinary. And so are our employees. Working at Premera means you have the opportunity to drive real change by transforming healthcare. Premera is committed to being a workplace where people feel empowered to grow, innovate, and lead with purpose. By investing in our employees and fostering a culture of collaboration and continuous development, we’re able to better serve our customers. It’s this commitment that has earned us recognition as one of the best companies to work for. Learn more about our recent awards and recognitions as a greatest workplace. Learn how Premera supports our members, customers and the communities that we serve through our Healthsource blog: https://healthsource.premera.com/. This position follows a standard schedule of Monday through Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM Pacific Time. The Care Coordinator - Retrospective performs prospective review (benefit advisory/ prior authorization) admission, concurrent, and retrospective reviews according to established criteria and protocols to determine the medical appropriateness of the clinical requests from providers. The incumbent partners with Medical Directors and other Premera Departments such as FEP, National Account Liaisons, Health Care Services and Claims to ensure appropriate cost-effective care by applying their clinical knowledge and critical thinking skills to assess the medical necessity of inpatient admissions, outpatient services and procedures, benefit application and provider out of network requests. This work is done for all lines of business and all geographic regions. What you will do: - Performs medical necessity review that includes inpatient review, concurrent review, benefit advisory/prior authorization, retrospective, out of network, and appropriateness of treatment setting reviews to ensure compliance with applicable criteria, medical policy, member eligibility, benefits, and contracts. - Consults with Medical Directors when care does not meet applicable criteria or medical policies. - Documents clinical information completely, accurately, and in a timely manner. - Meets or exceeds production and quality metrics. - Maintains a thorough understanding of the Plan's provider contracts, member contracts, authorization requirements and clinical criteria including Milliman Care Guidelines and medical policy. - Identifies Clinical Program opportunities and refers members to the appropriate healthcare program (e.g., case management, engagement team, and disease management). - Collaborates, educates, and consults with Customer Service/Claims Operations, Sales and Marketing and Health Care Services to ensure consistent work processes and procedural application of clinical criteria. - Maintains a thorough understanding of accreditation and regulatory requirements, and ensures these requirements are accurately followed and Utilization Management (UM) decision determinations and timeliness standards are within compliance. - Supports the Plan's Quality Program: Identifies and participates in quality improvement activities as it relates to internal programs, processes studies and projects. What you will bring: - Bachelor's degree or four (4) years’ work experience (Required) - Current State Licensure as a registered nurse (Required) - Three (3) years of clinical experience (Required) - Utilization Management experience (Preferred) - Experience working in the health plan industry (Preferred) What you will gain: - Play a key role in improving healthcare outcomes and ensuring the judicious use of resources. - Join a team of professionals dedicated to ensuring the highest quality of care while managing utilization effectively. - Influence critical decisions that impact patient care and organizational efficiency. - Opportunities for ongoing learning and career development in the ever-changing field of healthcare. Physical Requirements: The following have been identified as essential physical requirements of this job and must be performed with or without an accommodation: This is primarily a sedentary role which requires the ability to exert up to 10 lbs. of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. This role requires the ability to keyboard and to communicate clearly and understandably in person, and over the telephone. Premera total rewards Our comprehensive total rewards package provides support, resources, and opportunities to help employees thrive and grow. Our total rewards are more than a collection of perks, they're a reflection of our commitment to your health and well-being. We offer a broad array of rewards including physical, financial, emotional, and community benefits, including: - Medical, vision, and dental coverage with low employee premiums. - Voluntary benefit offerings, including pet insurance for paw parents. - Life and disability insurance. - Retirement programs, including a 401K employer match and, believe it or not, a pension plan that is vested after 3 years of service. - Wellness incentives with a wide range of mental well-being resources for you and your dependents, including counseling services, stress management programs, and mindfulness programs, just to name a few. - Generous paid time off to reenergize. - Looking for continuing education? We have tuition assistance for both undergraduate and graduate degrees. - Employee recognition program to celebrate anniversaries, team accomplishments, and more. For our hybrid employees, our on-campus model provides flexibility to create your own routine with access to on-site resources, networking opportunities, and team engagement. - Commuter perks make your trip to work less impactful on the environment and your wallet. - Free convenient on-site parking. - Subsidized on-campus cafes make lunchtime connections with colleagues fun and affordable. - Participate in engaging on-site activities such as health and wellness events, coffee connects, disaster preparedness fairs and more. - Our complementary fitness & well-being center offers both in-person and virtual workouts and nutritional counseling. - Need a brain break? Challenge someone to a game of shuffleboard or ping pong while on campus. Equal employment opportunity/affirmative action: Premera is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Premera seeks to attract and retain the most qualified individuals without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, marital status, veteran status, gender or gender identity, sexual orientation, genetic information or any other protected characteristic under applicable law. If you need an accommodation to apply online for positions at Premera, please contact Premera Human Resources via email at careers@premera.com or via phone at 425-918-4785. Premera is hiring in the following states, with some limitations based on role or city: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin. The pay for this role will vary based on a range of factors including, but not limited to, a candidate’s geographic location, market conditions, and specific skills and experience. The salary range for this role is posted below; we generally target up to and around the midpoint of the range. National Salary Range: $80,200.00 - $125,600.00 National Plus Salary Range: $84,200.00 - $143,100.00 *National Plus salary range is used in higher cost of labor markets including Western Washington and Alaska. We’re happy to discuss compensation further during the interview because we believe that open communication leads to better outcomes for all. We’re committed to creating an environment where all employees are celebrated for their unique skills and contributions.

Anticipated End Date: 2026-03-14 Position Title: Triage RN - Virtual - Overnight - CareBridge Job Description: Work Location: Virtual This role enables associates to work virtually full-time, with the exception of required in-person training sessions (when indicated), providing maximum flexibility and autonomy. This approach promotes productivity, supports work-life integration, and ensures essential face-to-face onboarding and skill development. Please note that per our policy on hybrid/virtual work, candidates not within a reasonable commuting distance from the posting location(s) will not be considered for employment, unless an accommodation is granted as required by law. Seeking candidates who have an active, unrestricted RN Compact license or Multi-state RN licenses in either of the following states: AZ, FL, IA, IN, KS, MA, NM, OH, TN, TX, NJ, HI or VA. Carebridge Health is a proud member of the Elevance Health family of companies, within our Carelon business. Carebridge Health exists to enable individuals in home and community-based settings to maximize their health, independence, and quality of life through home-care and community based services Work Shift - Overnight: 10pm - 8am (Central Standard Time) The RN will work eight (8)10-hour work shifts, in a two-week period which includes Saturday and Sunday every other weekend. The Triage Nurse I - Overnight - CareBridge is responsible for determining the appropriate Care Management program for members referred through internal and external sources and various data sources and reports. Utilizing department guidelines, completes triage process and applies established criteria to assign members to appropriate care management component. Deals with least complex cases having limited or no previous Triage care experience. Primary duties may include but are not limited to: - Utilizes the nursing process to meet an individual’s health needs, utilizing plan benefits and community resources. - Educates members about contracted physicians, facilities and healthcare providers. - Learn to develop favorable working partnerships and collaborative relationships with members, physicians, healthcare service providers, and internal and external customers to help improve health outcomes for members. - Works in collaboration with medical management and care management associates to identify issues, problems, and resource needs and assign to appropriate care management program. - Facilitates selecting appropriate candidates for referral to CM and/or DM. - Partners with social work as appropriate. - Identifies and refers cases or issues to QI, SIU, Subrogation, Underwriting, or other departments as appropriate. - Documents appropriate clinical information, decisions, and determinations in a timely, accurate, and concise manner. - Develops a working knowledge of member benefits, contracts, medical policy, professional standards of practice, and current health care practices. Position requirements: - Requires AS in nursing and minimum of 2 years of acute care clinical experience; or any combination of education and experience, which would provide an equivalent background. - Current unrestricted RN license in the applicable state(s) required. Preferred qualifications, skills, and experiences: - Current, active, RN Compact license highly preferred. - Emergency Room and/or Urgent Care experience highly preferred. - Telehealth experience. - Experience with EMR systems. - BS in nursing preferred. - Participation and/or certification in a managed care or utilization management organization preferred. - Ability to understand clinical information and prepare a concise summary following department standards strongly preferred. - Basic knowledge of the medical management and care management process and role preferred. For candidates working in person or virtually in the below location(s), the salary* range for this specific position is $67,200 to $115,920 Locations: Cleveland, OH; Columbus, OH; Massachusetts; New Jersey, Hawaii In addition to your salary, Elevance Health offers benefits such as, a comprehensive benefits package, incentive and recognition programs, equity stock purchase and 401k contribution (all benefits are subject to eligibility requirements). The salary offered for this specific position is based on a number of legitimate, non-discriminatory factors set by the Company. The Company is fully committed to ensuring equal pay opportunities for equal work regardless of gender, race, or any other category protected by federal, state, and local pay equity laws. * The salary range is the range Elevance Health in good faith believes is the range of possible compensation for this role at the time of this posting. This range may be modified in the future and actual compensation may vary from posting based on geographic location, work experience, education and/or skill level. Even within the range, the actual compensation will vary depending on the above factors as well as market/business considerations. No amount is considered to be wages or compensation until such amount is earned, vested, and determinable under the terms and conditions of the applicable policies and plans. The amount and availability of any bonus, commission, benefits, or any other form of compensation and benefits that are allocable to a particular employee remains in the Company's sole discretion unless and until paid and may be modified at the Company’s sole discretion, Job Level: Non-Management Exempt Workshift: 3rd Shift (United States of America) Job Family: MED > Licensed Nurse Please be advised that Elevance Health only accepts resumes for compensation from agencies that have a signed agreement with Elevance Health. Any unsolicited resumes, including those submitted to hiring managers, are deemed to be the property of Elevance Health. Who We Are Elevance Health is a health company dedicated to improving lives and communities – and making healthcare simpler. We are a Fortune 25 company with a longstanding history in the healthcare industry, looking for leaders at all levels of the organization who are passionate about making an impact on our members and the communities we serve. How We Work At Elevance Health, we are creating a culture that is designed to advance our strategy but will also lead to personal and professional growth for our associates. Our values and behaviors are the root of our culture. They are how we achieve our strategy, power our business outcomes and drive our shared success - for our consumers, our associates, our communities and our business. We offer a range of market-competitive total rewards that include merit increases, paid holidays, Paid Time Off, and incentive bonus programs (unless covered by a collective bargaining agreement), medical, dental, vision, short and long term disability benefits, 401(k) +match, stock purchase plan, life insurance, wellness programs and financial education resources, to name a few. Elevance Health operates in a Hybrid Workforce Strategy. Unless specified as primarily virtual by the hiring manager, associates are required to work at an Elevance Health location at least once per week, and potentially several times per week. Specific requirements and expectations for time onsite will be discussed as part of the hiring process. The health of our associates and communities is a top priority for Elevance Health. We require all new candidates in certain patient/member-facing roles to become vaccinated against COVID-19 and Influenza. If you are not vaccinated, your offer will be rescinded unless you provide an acceptable explanation. Elevance Health will also follow all relevant federal, state and local laws. Elevance Health is an Equal Employment Opportunity employer, and all qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to age, citizenship status, color, creed, disability, ethnicity, genetic information, gender (including gender identity and gender expression), marital status, national origin, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, veteran status or any other status or condition protected by applicable federal, state, or local laws. Applicants who require accommodation to participate in the job application process may contact elevancehealthjobssupport@elevancehealth.com for assistance. Qualified applicants with arrest or conviction records will be considered for employment in accordance with all federal, state, and local laws, including, but not limited to, the Los Angeles County Fair Chance Ordinance and the California Fair Chance Act. Prospective employees required to be screened under Florida law should review the education and awareness resources at HB531 | Florida Agency for Health Care Administration.

Become a part of our caring community and help us put health first The Care Coach is responsible for evaluating members’ needs and requirements to help them achieve and maintain optimal wellness. This is accomplished by guiding members and their families toward, and facilitating interaction with, resources that are appropriate for the care and wellbeing of members. The Care Coach 1 position involves work assignments that are typically straightforward and of moderate complexity. The following section outlines the specific duties and responsibilities associated with the Care Coach 1 role. This position, which reports to the Manager of Care Management within Humana Healthy Horizons in Virginia, is focused on supporting members and their families in accessing the resources needed to promote their overall health and wellness. In this role you will: - Manages a caseload of members. - Develops and modify Individual Care Plan and involve applicable members of the care team in care planning (Informal caregiver, coach, PCP, etc.). - Provides specialized support for members with a focus on addressing health related social needs (HRSNs), providing psychosocial support, and meeting the member's individualized health needs. - Ensures members are receiving services in the least restrictive setting to achieve and/or maintain optimal well-being by assessing their care needs. - Focuses on supporting members and/or caregivers utilizing an interdisciplinary approach in accessing social, housing, educational and other services, regardless of funding sources to meet their needs. - Ensures members are progressing towards desired outcomes by continuously monitoring patient care through use of assessment, data, conversations with member, and active care planning. - Collaborates with Community Health Workers (CHWs), Housing Specialists and other internal and external agencies for HRSN needs. - Primary point of contact for the ICT and shall be responsible for coordinating with the member, ICT participants, and outside resources to ensure the member’s needs are met. - Employs a variety of strategies, approaches and techniques to manage a member's health issues and identify and resolve barriers that hinder effective care. - Understands professional concepts, regulations, strategies and operating standards. - Makes decisions regarding work approach/priorities and follows direction. Use your skills to make an impact Required Qualifications - Must reside in Virginia (NOVA region) - Bachelor's degree in health or human services field or an active LPN license in the Commonwealth of Virginia without disciplinary action. - Two (2) years of prior experience in health care and/or case management. - One (1) year of experience working directly with individuals who meet the Cardinal Care Priority Population criteria (adults, pediatrics populations at risk for chronic medical conditions & high social needs). - Intermediate to advanced computer skills and experience with Microsoft Word, Excel, and Outlook. - Ability to use a variety of electronic information applications/software programs including electronic medical records. (Patient Information, Patient documentation) - Exceptional oral and written communication and interpersonal skills with the ability to build rapport with internal and external customers and stakeholders. - Ability to manage multiple or competing priorities in a fast-paced environment. Preferred Qualifications - Prior experience with Medicare, Medicaid and dual eligible populations. - Experience with health promotion, coaching and wellness - Knowledge of community health and social service agencies and additional community resources - Bilingual or Multilingual: English/Spanish, Arabic, Vietnamese, Amharic, Urdu or other - Must be able to speak, read and write in both languages without limitations and assistance. See "Additional Information" section for more information. Additional Information Workstyle: Field - This is a field position where employees perform their core duties at non-company locations, such as providing services at business partner facilities or prospects' and members' homes. Workdays and Hours: Must be able to work a 40 hour work week, Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, over-time may be requested to meet business needs and requires approval. Screening: This role is considered patient facing and is part of Humana's Tuberculosis (TB) screening program. If selected for this role, you will be required to be screened for TB. Travel, Driver's License, Transportation, Insurance: Must be willing to travel at least 30-50% of the time within your assigned Region where you reside in Northern Virginia, to conduct field visits with members in your assigned area. Travel requirements may vary based on member tier level. May need to attend onsite meetings occasionally in Humana Healthy Horizons office in Glen Allen, VA. Language Assessment Statement: Any Humana associate who speaks with a member in a language other than English must take a language proficiency assessment, provided by an outside vendor, to ensure competency. Applicants will be required to take the Interagency Language Rating (ILR) test as provided by the Federal Government. Humana's Driver Safety Program This role is part of Humana's driver safety program and therefore requires an individual to have a valid state driver's license and are expected to maintain personal vehicle liability insurance. - Individual must carry vehicle insurance in accordance with their residing state minimum required limits, or $25,000 bodily injury per person/$25,000 bodily injury per event /$10,000 for property damage or whichever is higher. Mileage reimbursement is provided for work-related travel. Eligible mileage includes: - Travel from your home to your first work location of the day. - Travel between client or assignment locations during the workday. - Travel from your final work location back to your home. Work at Home Guidance To ensure Home or Hybrid Home/Office employees' ability to work effectively, the self-provided internet service of Home or Hybrid Home/Office employees must meet the following criteria: - At minimum, a download speed of 25 Mbps and an upload speed of 10 Mbps is required; wireless, wired cable or DSL connection is required. - Satellite, cellular and microwave connection can be used only if approved by leadership. - Employees who live and work from Home in the state of California, Illinois, Montana, or South Dakota will be provided a bi-weekly payment for their internet expense. - Humana will provide Home or Hybrid Home/Office employees with telephone equipment appropriate to meet the business requirements for their position/job. - Work from a dedicated space lacking ongoing interruptions to protect member PHI / HIPAA information. Travel: While this is a remote position, occasional travel to Humana's offices for training or meetings may be required. Scheduled Weekly Hours 40 Pay Range The compensation range below reflects a good faith estimate of starting base pay for full time (40 hours per week) employment at the time of posting. The pay range may be higher or lower based on geographic location and individual pay will vary based on demonstrated job related skills, knowledge, experience, education, certifications, etc. $53,700 - $72,600 per year Description of Benefits Humana, Inc. and its affiliated subsidiaries (collectively, “Humana”) offers competitive benefits that support whole-person well-being. Associate benefits are designed to encourage personal wellness and smart healthcare decisions for you and your family while also knowing your life extends outside of work. Among our benefits, Humana provides medical, dental and vision benefits, 401(k) retirement savings plan, time off (including paid time off, company and personal holidays, volunteer time off, paid parental and caregiver leave), short-term and long-term disability, life insurance and many other opportunities. About us Humana Inc. (NYSE: HUM) is committed to putting health first – for our teammates, our customers and our company. Through our Humana insurance services and CenterWell healthcare services, we make it easier for the millions of people we serve to achieve their best health – delivering the care and service they need, when they need it. These efforts are leading to a better quality of life for people with Medicare, Medicaid, families, individuals, military service personnel, and communities at large. ​ Equal Opportunity Employer It is the policy of Humana not to discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, age, marital status, genetic information, disability or protected veteran status. It is also the policy of Humana to take affirmative action, in compliance with Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act and VEVRAA, to employ and to advance in employment individuals with disability or protected veteran status, and to base all employment decisions only on valid job requirements. This policy shall apply to all employment actions, including but not limited to recruitment, hiring, upgrading, promotion, transfer, demotion, layoff, recall, termination, rates of pay or other forms of compensation and selection for training, including apprenticeship, at all levels of employment.